Abstract: Oocyte cryopreservation (OC) is the process in which ovarian follicles are stimulated, the
follicular fluid is retrieved, and mature oocytes are isolated and vitrified. Since the first successful
pregnancy utilizing previously cryopreserved oocytes in 1986, OC has become increasingly utilized
as an option for future biologic children in patients facing gonadotoxic therapies, such as for the
treatment of cancer. Planned OC, also termed elective OC, is growing in popularity as a means to
circumvent age-related fertility decline. In this narrative review, we describe both medically indicated and planned OC, focusing on the physiology of ovarian follicular loss, OC technique and risks, timing of when OC should be performed, associated financial considerations, and outcomes.